Anemia is a disorder of the blood. It means low red blood cells. When there are not enough red blood cells, then hemoglobin, the oxygen carrying protein found in red blood cells is below the normal range. Hemoglobin delivers oxygen from the lungs to the cells in the body. It also picks up carbon dioxide from the cells and carries it to the lungs. Anemia may result from a decrease in the production of red blood cells, an increase in the destruction of the red blood cells, or by blood loss.

There are several types of anemia. The most common cause is iron deficiency in menstruating females. Studies have shown that pregnant women should routinely increase their intake of iron and folic acid. Other causes include heredity, a diet deficiency, chronic disease, or other problems.

The early signs and symptoms of anemia may be so mild that they are overlooked. They worsen as the blood disorder progresses. Watch for signs of weakness, fatigue, and pale skin, gums, and nailbeds. In people of color, look for signs of paleness in the mouth, inside the eyelids, or the palms of the hands.

Advanced symptoms include:
* shortness of breath,
* dizziness,
* headache, and
* problems sleeping.

More serious symptoms include:
* reduced exercise endurance,
* rapid heartbeats,
* chest pain, and
* heart failure.

Diagnosis of anemia is made by blood tests. The type of anemia defines the medical care given.

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