A fracture is a break, rupture, or crack, in a bone or cartilage. There are many ways to describe a fracture. This description is important, as it helps your healthcare provider determine what type of treatment is needed for your fracture.

Fractures are first described by breaking them down into two groups:
* closed, which means that there is no break in the skin, or
* open, which means that part of the bone is sticking out through your skin.

Fractures may also be:
* complete, where the bones are broken totally apart into two or more pieces,
* incomplete, where the bones are only cracked or partially broken, or
* greenstick, where the bones are bent, and sometimes broken. (This type of fracture usually occurs in growing children.)

Complete fractures are also broken down into more specific types, including:
* transverse, when the break is straight across the bone,
* spiral, when the break travels around the bone,
* oblique, when the break is diagonally across the bone, or
* comminuted, when the break has crushed or shattered part of the bone.

Occasionally, fractures are not caused by falls or injuries. These fractures are called pathologic fractures. Pathological fractures occur when the bone has been weakened by a disease, like cancer or alcoholism. Runners who run many miles each week, may experience stress fractures. These occur in bones that are under repeated stress.

If you think you may have a fracture, see your health care provider. Be sure to ask any questions you may have regarding activity, cast or splint care and pain control.

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