Muscular dystrophy (MD) is an inherited disease that causes the muscles to weaken and degenerate. The muscles lack a key protein needed for proper muscle function. The muscle tissue decreases and becomes progressively weak. Fat tissue replaces lost muscle tissue. This makes the muscles look larger than normal. In most cases, the arms, legs, and spine become deformed. There is no cure.

Nine forms of MD exist. Duchenne MD is the most common type and the most severe childhood form of the disease. It usually begins before the age of 5. Boys are more often affected than girls. Although there is promising research in the area of neuromuscular disorders, the current life span for persons with the disease is usually shortened to the early twenties. Early signs of Duchenne MD may include:
* frequent falling,
* difficulty getting up from sitting or lying down,
* an unusual, waddling gait,
* enlargement of the calf and other muscles, or
* a high level of creatinine kinase, a muscle enzyme, in the blood.

Symptoms of muscle weakness as listed above may be found in many other serious conditions. It is important to consult with your healthcare provider as soon as possible if these symptoms are identified in your child. Breathing problems and respiratory infections occur as the disease progresses. The course of the disease varies from child to child. A wheelchair is usually needed by age 12.

A physical exam, medical history, and lab tests confirm the diagnosis of MD. The tests include studying a small piece of muscle, an electro-myelogram (EMG) to test nerve function, and blood tests. Symptoms of MD can be relieved with:
* Exercise programs and physical therapy to minimize muscle shortening around the joints and delay curvature of the spine.
* Assistive aids such as canes and electric wheelchairs to help maintain mobility.
* Surgery to relieve muscle shortening.

The Muscular Dystrophy Association provides counseling, support, services, and research. Contact your local chapter for more information. For information about current research concerning MD or other neuromuscular diseases call The Foundation for Gene and Cell Therapy at (519) 679-2828.

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