Hemorrhoids are swollen and stretched veins around the anus. They are an annoying and sometimes painful problem. They may lead to a blood clot from a ruptured vein near the surface. Complications are unusual, but should be considered.

Constipation can lead to hemorrhoids. This is mainly due to straining during bowel movements. Other causes are sitting for a long while; sitting on hard, cold surfaces; and infection in the area. Pregnancy and childbirth are also common causes.

The first symptom may be bright red blood that is not mixed with stools. There may also be a mucus discharge and vague discomfort. A portion of the anal lining may become pushed out of the anus during defecation. At first, this retracts by itself. Over time, however, one may have to push it back. If this occurs repeatedly, one should consult a healthcare provider, since it could become permanent. In rare cases this prolapse becomes strangulated. This cuts off the blood supply, which leads to gangrene. Other complications that call for medical attention include anemia due to blood loss, intense anal itching, loss of bowel control, or intense pain. Pain occurs when there is a ruptured vein, inflammation due to prolapse, or an anal fissure.

There are several over-the-counter products that help relieve symptoms of hemorrhoids. Apply ice if there is swelling. Frequent warm sitz baths or running warm water over the hemorrhoids, and bed rest may help. It is important to avoid straining during a bowel movement. One way is to increase the amount of fiber, or roughage, and fluids in the diet. Good sources of fiber are fruits and vegetables, whole grain foods, beans and other legumes. Fiber supplements are readily available.

Medical treatment of hemorrhoids usually starts with an examination of the lower colon. Because anal bleeding can also be a sign of polyps or colon cancer it is an important exam. Treatment for a persistent prolapse may simply be gentle manual reduction. Minor surgery may be necessary. For the rare severe symptom or complication, a surgeon removes the entire hemorrhoid.

Treating the symptoms along with a consistent effort to eat more fiber and fluid works in almost all cases. If such a program does not give you relief, contact your healthcare provider.

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