When we complain of a stuffy nose, it may mean that our sinuses are congested. The sinuses are air spaces behind the facial bones. Sinusitis is when the lining of the sinuses becomes infected or inflamed. The lining of a sinus is a mucous membrane. The passageways among the sinuses and nose are very narrow. Swelling of the lining causes it to produce too much mucus. Excess mucus fills up the sinuses and may block the passageways. This leads to pressure changes inside the sinuses that can be painful. The trapped mucus may also become infected.

Sinusitis may follow:
* a common cold, flu, or other infection,
* allergies,
* conditions that hinder drainage, such as polyps or swollen nearby glands,
* a tooth infection spreading to the sinuses,
* swimming in contaminated water,
* pressure changes in airplanes, or changes in altitudes,
* violent sneezing or nose blowing, or
* smoking or breathing other people's smoke.

Symptoms include a stuffy nose, gradual buildup of pressure in the sinuses, and fever. Signs of bacterial infection are bad breath, a yellow or green discharge, and, possibly, high fever. The location of pain depends on which sinuses are stuffed up. Pain may be around cheeks and upper teeth, over the eyes, or over the eyebrows. Pain may be worse when bending the head forward. Sinus problems can last a few days, a few weeks, or drag on for months. If one does not treat a short term problem, it can become a long term problem.

Some steps to prevent sinus attacks include:
* quit smoking,
* get plenty of exercise,
* drink plenty of fluids,
* keep air moist with humidifiers,
* wear goggles and nose plugs when swimming.

If you have sinusitis, decongestants may help. Get plenty of rest and drink a lot of water. Elevate your head in bed, but only slightly. Apply warm compresses over painful areas. See your healthcare provider if the pain lasts for several days or there are any signs of bacterial infection. These include a fever, or foul smelling nasal discharge. You may be prescribed antibiotics or other medicines. Surgery is a last resort in cases of recurrent sinus infections.

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