Cataracts are a clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye. Vision is impaired when the blurring occurs directly in the line of sight or as the cataract enlarges and blocks vision. Although most commonly associated with older age, children and adults may be affected. Factors causing cataracts include:
* heredity,
* birth defects,
* age,
* German measles,
* eye injury,
* diabetes,
* smoking,
* lifelong exposure to ultraviolet light (usually sunlight) ,
* diet, and
* certain medications.

Symptoms of cataracts may include:
* cloudy, foggy, or filmy vision, not corrected with eyeglass or contact lenses,
* glare from lamps, sunlight, or snow,
* blurred or double vision,
* decreased night vision,
* light sensitivity,
* dulling of colors,
* frequent eyeglass prescription changes, and
* stronger glasses failing to improve sight.

Small cataracts require periodic monitoring only. Larger ones may require glasses or other treatment. Surgery is needed to replace a lens when normal vision is blocked. It is done under local anesthesia and takes about an hour.

Good health habits may postpone or prevent cataracts. Eat a diet high in vitamins C and E and beta carotene. Doing so may help prevent cataracts. Wear hats and sunglasses that protect against ultraviolet light. Smokers are twice as likely to develop cataracts as nonsmokers.

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