Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that causes inflammation and scarring of tissue in the brain and spinal cord. MS destroys the covering of the nerve fibers that are in these areas. It prevents signals from the nerve from being sent to other body parts. Flare-ups of the disease may cause loss of function to the body parts that rely on those nerves. About 5 to 10 people per 10,000 in the United States have MS. It occurs more often in families of patients with the disease. Twice as many women have MS as men. It is more common in colder climates than in warmer ones.

Symptoms may include:
* Unusual feeling in the arms or legs or on one side of the face (like a feeling of pins-and-needles).
* Muscle weakness.
* Dizziness.
* Vision problems such as double vision and changes in vision.
* Loss of coordination and trembling of the extremities.
* Increased muscle stiffness.
* Facial pain.
* Abnormal reflexes.
* Constipation and loss of bladder control.
* Extreme sensitivity to heat.

The cause of MS is still unknown. Genetic factors, viral infections, and imbalances in the immune system are all suspects. Two types of MS exist. The fluctuating form has periods of degeneration followed by periods of recovery. The chronic form progresses to severe disability. Some people may have mild problems, with no major permanent disability. Others may have severe paralysis and be confined to a wheelchair.

There is no cure or specific treatment for MS. Newer drugs can slow the progression of the disease for many. Other drugs may be given to help some symptoms. Physical therapy helps patients develop strength, coordination, balance, and stamina. Occupational therapy and vocational programs focus on how to cope with daily living and to learn new job skills. The main goal of care for MS patients is to help them function with a greater degree of independence. For more information, contact your local chapter of the Multiple Sclerosis Society.

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