Diuretics, or water pills, are medications that increase the loss of water and sodium through the urine. They are prescribed for several common conditions, including high blood pressure, congestive heart failure and other conditions in which there is swelling or edema. These can be very powerful medications. Make sure you know why you are taking your diuretic, and how you are supposed to take it. Usually, diuretics must be taken on a regular basis to be effective. Don't stop taking your medication before speaking to your healthcare provider.

If you are taking a diuretic for high blood pressure don't expect any sudden changes in your blood pressure or amount of urination. The effect of diuretics on high blood pressure is gradual, taking up to six weeks for their full effect. If you are taking a diuretic for congestive heart failure or other condition with swelling, you probably will notice that you will need to urinate more frequently. If this becomes a problem at night, let your provider know.

You can actually help your diuretic be more effective. By cutting down on the amount of salt in your diet, it is easier for these drugs to work. Ask your provider or dietitian for specific reduced-sodium diet ideas.

Diuretics can cause side effects. They may be given with other medications that increase the chance of certain side effects. The most common side effect is low blood pressure caused by the loss of too much fluid. This is more common in people over the age of 65, and in people taking other medications that can lower blood pressure. An early sign of becoming fluid depleted is becoming dizzy or lightheaded when standing up. Always get up slowly, especially at night or first thing in the morning. If you do feel dizzy, lay back down and call your provider.

Diuretics can also cause changes in blood minerals or electrolytes. You will be asked to have periodic blood tests to check these. Trying to eat foods high in potassium is sometimes helpful. Ask your provider or dietitian if you should do this. If you are trying to cut down on salt, use of a salt substitute may be helpful as well as adding potassium to your diet.

If you are diabetic, the diuretic may increase your blood sugar. You may need to check your blood sugar more often when first starting a diuretic.

If you have questions about this medication, don't wait! Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

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