Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain causes enlargement of the skull and compression of the brain. This may destroy brain tissue and result in brain damage. It occurs most often in newborns. It can also happen to adults after injury or disease. In infants, the increased pressure enlarges the head. Early detection and surgery improves the person's chances. However, long-term problems are still likely. The person may be mentally retarded, and have vision and movement problems. Without surgery, death is likely.

We all produce a fluid that flows around the brain and spinal column. Every day, we produce and reabsorb more fluid than the amount present at any moment. One cause of hydrocephalus is a block in the flow of this fluid. Another is a problem absorbing the fluid. The signs of the condition are usually clear in infants. Adults and older children may lose awareness, movement, bladder control, and intellect. Doctors confirm the condition by CT scan or other brain testing.

Surgery is the only treatment. The surgeon usually places a tube, called a shunt, from the base of the brain to the abdomen. This allows the extra fluid to drain. Sometimes the tube is sent to the heart instead. Surgery can sometimes lead to infection or intestinal problems. As a child grows, he or she will need repeat surgery to lengthen the tube.

If you have a newborn with Hydrocephalus, he or she will undergo surgery within a few days. To promote bonding, be sure to stroke and cuddle the infant before surgery. When picking up or turning him, the head and neck will need extra support. Feed him slowly. If the weight of his head is a strain on your arm, place his head, neck and shoulders on a pillow.

Parents of children with hydrocephalus may need counseling or support. This can help them set goals that match the child's abilities and potential.

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