A lumbar puncture collects a sample of the fluid that flows around the brain and spinal cord. This fluid is called cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF. A needle inserted at the base of the spine can draw a small sample. The needle goes into the space around the spinal cord that is filled with fluid. This sample is sent to the lab for analysis. This tests for infection or signs of other diseases in the nervous system.

A common reason for lumbar puncture is to diagnose meningitis. In meningitis the membranes that surround the spinal cord and brain become inflamed. Another reason for the procedure is to check for increased pressure in the spinal column. Lumbar puncture can also allow injection of substances. These may include:
* contrast dyes for X-rays,
* pain killers for pain relief, or
* medications for treatment of brain and spinal cord disorders.

There are several circumstances where doctors would not recommend lumbar puncture. These include prior infection near the puncture site or in the blood, problems with blood clotting, or increased pressure in the head. Before a lumbar puncture, a healthcare provider will perform a thorough checkup to look for these conditions.

You can receive a lumbar puncture in a doctor's office or a hospital. During the procedure, you either sit or lie on your side on a table or bed. If you are nervous, your provider can give you a mild sedative. You may receive a local pain killer at the puncture site. You should feel some discomfort only when the provider inserts the lumbar puncture needle. He or she will draw a small sample and measure pressure. The whole procedure should last a few minutes. The more relaxed you are, the faster it will go.

After the procedure, it is important to drink fluids, and to stay quiet for a while. Lying down may help avoid a headache. Follow your healthcare provider's advice carefully.

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