A bruise is an injury to underlying tissues or bone in which the skin is not broken. There are ruptured blood vessels which bleed into the tissues and cause discoloration. Bruises often result when soft tissue is struck hard, as in a fall or blow. Bruises are usually purple at first, then gradually fade over several weeks to various shades of brown, yellow, and green. A medical word for bruise is hematoma.

Most bruises require no special treatment. "RICE", which stands for rest, ice, compression, and elevation will result in pain relief. Rest the injured part, particularly if it causes pain. Apply a cold wet cloth or ice pack. Keep a package of frozen vegetables in your freezer. It will conform to the injured area, is inexpensive, and is reusable. Wrap the cold pack in a cloth to protect the skin from too much cold. A compression or ACE bandage may be useful. Be sure you do not apply it too tightly so as to cut off blood circulation. Elevate the injured part above the level of the heart. "RICE" treatment will minimize swelling and speed healing.

Certain medical conditions can cause excessive bruising. You should call a healthcare provider if any of the following conditions develop:
* bruises appear for no reason,
* your bruise does not heal,
* you have blurred vision after a blow to the eye, or
* you have two black eyes (both eyes) after being hit in the head.

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