Thoracentesis is the removal of fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall. This is also called pleural fluid removal. Increased fluid in this space can be a result of disease, such as infection, cancer, or blood or lymph disorders. Analysis of fluid samples can tell the cause. Increased fluid can also cause difficulty breathing. Removing the excess fluid can reduce pressure and ease breathing.

The procedure sometimes takes place in a hospital but without an overnight stay. The doctor often requests a chest X-ray or ultrasound before the procedure. The X-ray helps identify the location and the amount of the fluid. The patient usually sits upright with feet and arms supported. The doctor injects the insertion site with a local painkiller. They will then insert a needle between the ribs and draws out fluid.

This is a fairly safe procedure. However, it is important not to cough, breathe deeply, or move suddenly while the doctor inserts the needle. Sometimes a lung gets a small puncture. This will cause the lung to collapse a little, which may require treatment. After the fluid draw, the patient should lie still for about an hour. The patient should notify their health care provider right away if they have a hard time breathing after the test.

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