Precancer of the cervix is an abnormal growth of cells on the cervix or the mouth of the womb. If not treated some of these precancers may become cancer. A Pap smear is a test that screens for precancer and cancer of the cervix. It is done during a female pelvic exam by a healthcare provider who scrapes the cervix with a soft brush or small stick.

Because more women are receiving Pap smears, cancer of the cervix is decreasing in the U.S. There are no signs or symptoms related to early cervical cancer, so a pelvic exam is needed to test your cervix. During this exam, cells are gently scraped from the cervix and later examined under a microscope. This is a basic Pap smear. Although not perfect, it is a good screening tool for cancer and precancer of the cervix. A Pap smear is suggested for all women who are sexually active or by age 18. It should be repeated every one to three years based upon individual risk.

Women at greater risk for precancers include those who:
* had sex before the age of 18,
* have more than two sex partners,
* smoke cigarettes,
* don't use barrier birth control, such as latex or plastic condoms,
* have a history of herpes, genital warts or HIV, or
* have had limited access to health care.

Most low grade precancers will disappear without treatment. Some will remain and slowly grow into cancer over several years. If you are found to have an abnormal Pap smear, you may be scheduled for a repeat Pap smear or colposcopy in a few months. Colposcopy is a closer exam of your cervix by use of a special set of binoculars. Samples will be taken of the areas that look abnormal. These samples will be examined under a microscope to tell if more treatment is needed. If this test is not available where you live, a close-up photo may be taken and sent for review.

Treating a precancer after sampling may include:
* waiting and watching - no treatment, but more frequent Pap smears,
* getting rid of the precancer with a laser or freezing,
* removing the precancer with an electric wire or knife, or
* rarely, surgery.

Cervical cancer is preventable, but it depends on you! Be sure to keep your Pap smear appointments as recommended by your health care provider.

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